Neem or azadirachta indica, a native tree of India, has long been known for its natural pesticide properties. Every part of the neem tree can be used as a natural repellant for common pests. This reputation of the neem tree as a medicinal treasure and an insect repellant can be traced back to more than 3000 years. Neem leaves and seeds are used in the manufacture of neem oil. This neem oil contains a natural compound called sallanin, which effectively deters common pests. Neem oil is usually applied as a foliar spray. Thus neem is a natural "antifeedant" where it discourages pests from feeding on neem treated plants. Hence, neem oil is not a direct killer but a controller of pest populations.

How neem inhibits pest populations

To reiterate, neem will not exterminate pests on contact. Instead, neem works more subtly: when neem sprayed pests ingest matter, it effectively ruptures their reproductive systems thus rendering them sterile. The best thing about neem is that it will not harm friendly predators like ladybugs, spiders and bees and is relatively harmless for bird and mammal populations.

How to use neem products

Neem oil should be mixed in exact proportions before it is sprayed on vegetables, flowers or other places that attract pests. The norm is 1 teaspoon per quarter of water plus 1 teaspoon of liquid dish soap to emulsify the contents. This solution should be then generously sprayed on surfaces that are pest-prone. In tropical climes, neem oil has long been used as a mosquito repellant. When dried neem oil is mixed with Vaseline in a 1:5 proportion and applied on the skin; or neem oil is mixed with any oil and lighted as a lamp, it effectively repels many insects including mosquitoes. To prevent breeding of mosquitoes, crushed neem seeds or neem oil should be spread in the mosquito breeding area. Neem products ensure complete inhibition of egg generation for a maximum period of 7 days.

Even low doses of neem have shown to be highly efficient in inhibiting larval, pupal and adult molts and reproductive capabilities of several insects including mosquitoes. The only precaution you have to exercise while using neem products is to store them at temperatures of 65 degrees Fahrenheit and above.

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